The author defines “management rights” as the “residue of existing functions which remain after collective bargaining negotiations,” within which area management is free to act without restriction. The author conceives…

The author views labor as an equal partner with management, and the management rights clause as recognition of solely the fact that it is management that acts, and the union…

A review of arbitration decisions, comparing contracts that contain a “maintenance of conditions” provision with contracts that do not. The result of that review: standards for the arbitrator’s decisions and…