Four advocates expound on the topic of judicial review of arbitration awards. Judges may defer to labor arbitration awards because they believe that any mistakes by the arbitrator pertain to only minor, ad hoc labor disputes with no far-reaching impact, or because they believe that arbitrators possess a special competence. In the area of discrimination …

A review of arbitration decisions, comparing contracts that contain a “maintenance of conditions” provision with contracts that do not. The result of that review: standards for the arbitrator’s decisions and the awards are the same for wash-up time, lunch period and contracting-out cases, but are different for crew-size cases (possibly because crew size goes to …

A report of the training efforts of the National Academy and other organizations, and recommendations.

A discussion of Benjamin Aaron’s paper on past practice that focuses on wage differential arbitrations, the distinction between gratuities and past practice, technological changes, and economic changes. [See 1955 page 1.]