Arbitration of medical and health issues

An explanation of why medical opinions of workplace exposures and diseases are more reliable if based upon epidemiological studies than on the opinions of individual doctors. Pre-placement medical examinations are discussed. Such examinations have been limited by the ADA: they can be performed only if offered to all applicants, and can be a basis for denial of employment only if the results indicate the candidate is incapable of performing the job or his/her health is at imminent and substantial risk of harm.