Examples of arbitrators’ practices that deviate from the parties’ expectations in the hearing and decision writing. Over familiarity with a party, expediting the procedure for personal convenience or to meet…

In Canada, the findings of whether the agreement has been violated and the remedy therefore are separate, the latter determined by a board of arbitration. The author examines the history…

The authors respond to questions and receive comments about the retention of jurisdiction in the United States and in Canada.